USA FDA PART 589 SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED, CWD, Scrapie, BSE, PIGS, Oh My, 2026
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
***> FIX THE DAMN MAD COW FEED BAN!!! <***
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
we all know the system is still broken…
The current feed ban in the U.S. is based exclusively on keeping tissues from TSE infected cattle from entering animal feeds. These results indicating the susceptibility of pigs to CWD, coupled with the limitations of the current feed ban, indicates that a revision of the feed ban may be necessary to protect swine production and potentially human health.
Chronic wasting disease prions in cervids and wild pigs in North America Preliminary Outbreak Assessment DEFRA 26 January 2026
DEFRA 26 January 2026 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Preliminary Outbreak Assessment
Chronic wasting disease prions in cervids and wild pigs in North America
26 January 2026
Disease report
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids, such as deer, elk, moose and reindeer. It is caused by prions – infectious proteins that cause normal cellular prion proteins to misfold (CIDRAP, 2025). The disease is widespread in captive and free-ranging cervids in North America (Figure 1). For the first time, CWD prions have also been detected in the tissues of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) caught in CWD-affected areas of the USA (Soto et al. 2025). This discovery emerged from a study designed to investigate potential interactions between wild pigs and CWD prions, as wild pigs often coexist with cervids, which can shed prions into the environment. The following assessment discusses the epidemiology of CWD in North America and the detection of CWD prions in wild pigs. It also considers the potential implications for Great Britain.
Figure 1. Distribution of CWD in cervids in North America as of 11 April 2025 (USGS, 2025).Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Situation assessment
CWD is considered one of the most important cervid diseases due to its capacity for infectious spread, high mortality rate and associated socio-economic impacts on cervid farming and hunting-related industries (Kincheloe et al., 2021, CFSPH, 2024). The disease is always fatal, with no cure or vaccine (CFSPH, 2024).
CWD was first reported among captive cervids in the USA in the 1960s (Kincheloe et al., 2021). It has since been detected in captive and or free-ranging cervids in 36 US states and 5 Canadian provinces, as well as South Korea, Norway, Finland and Sweden (Silva, 2022, USGS, 2025). While the South Korean strains are thought to have originated from North America, the European strains appear to have emerged independently (Silva, 2022).
Transmission between cervids occurs by direct contact with infected animals or indirectly, through contact with a contaminated environment, most likely via the oral route (Otero et al., 2021). The disease may also be vertically transmitted from doe to fawn (Nalls et al., 2013, Salariu et al., 2015). Environmental contamination occurs when infected animals shed infectious prions in various secretions and excretions, such as urine, faeces and saliva (Otero et al., 2021). It can also occur when infected carcasses decompose and release prions into the surrounding soil and vegetation (Miller et al., 2004). The minimum number of CWD prions required to cause infection in cervids is unknown but appears to be low (Denkers et al., 2020).
The disease is difficult to control, as infected animals can also be subclinical for months or years. During this time, they can shed CWD prions, which can remain infectious in the environment for at least 2 years (Miller et al., 2004, CFSPH, 2024). Diagnosis usually relies on post-mortem tests, which may fail to identify infected animals during the early stages of the disease (CFSPH, 2024, CIDRAP, 2025). Control efforts are further hampered by lack of evidence to inform effective CWD management and control strategies (Uehlinger et al., 2016, Mori et al., 2024).
CWD in North American cervids
CWD has been reported in a range of North American cervids, including white-tailed deer, mule deer, black-tailed deer, moose, wapiti, reindeer (captive) and red deer (captive) (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2023). It was first reported in captive mule deer and black-tailed deer at research facilities in Colorado and Wyoming in the late 1960s (Otero et al., 2021). These animals were derived from wild populations. The disease was later identified in Rocky Mountain elk at these facilities and subsequently, in free-ranging populations of mule deer and elk in Wyoming and Colorado. The geographic expansion of CWD in North America is thought to reflect the commercial movement of subclinical animals and natural cervid migration (Otero et al., 2021). Epidemiological data suggest that the disease spread from the USA to Canada and then to South Korea through imports of infected cervids (Otero et al., 2021). A retrospective analysis revealed that, in 1978, a Colorado‑born mule deer at Toronto Zoo in Ontario, Canada, died of CWD (Dubé et al., 2006). In 1996, the disease was detected in captive elk in Saskatchewan (Williams and Miller, 2002).
The disease
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
has since been detected in captive cervids in Alberta and Quebec and free-ranging cervids in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (USGS, 2025). The origin of the outbreak in free-ranging Canadian cervids is unknown (Otero et al., 2021).
While the spread of CWD across North America is often described as ‘rapid,’ it has been suggested that this may reflect widening disease surveillance, rather than a ‘real-time’ indication of geographic spread. CWD epidemics appear to develop relatively slowly compared with other wildlife diseases (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2023). Field and modelling data from North America suggest that it may take 15 to 20 years for CWD prevalence to reach 1% in free-ranging cervid populations, although more rapid transmission may occur in captive populations. The surveillance sensitivity in North America means that the disease may have been present for 10 years or more in some areas before it was detected (Miller et al., 2000).
The prevalence of CWD in affected populations or species varies across North America. In captive herds, prevalence may reach 100% over time, while in affected free-ranging populations, reported prevalence ranges from <1% to >30%. Most clinical cases are observed in cervids 2 to 7 years old, especially males, which is believed to be due to behavioural differences rather than differences in susceptibility between sexes (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2023). At least 13 different risk factors may contribute towards CWD spread in North America, such as host genetics, high deer density or inappropriate disposal of deer carcasses and slaughter by-products (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2019).
Approaches towards CWD control and surveillance in captive and free-ranging deer vary widely across North America within and between jurisdictions (CIDRAP, 2025). A summary of the measures in place in each US state and Canadian province is available from the CWD Alliance (2026), a coalition of wildlife conservation agencies, dedicated to providing accurate information on CWD and supporting strategies to minimise its impact on free-ranging cervids. Wildlife agencies rely on voluntary testing of hunted deer carcasses as the main mechanism for CWD surveillance and management, usually using post-mortem ELISA or immunohistochemistry methods (CIDRAP, 2025).
In the USA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) operates the CWD Herd Certification Programme (HCP) in collaboration with state and wildlife agencies. This is a voluntary scheme which aims to provide a consistent, national approach to controlling CWD in farmed cervids and preventing interstate spread by establishing control measures such as fencing, detailed record keeping and CWD testing of all cervids over 12 months old that die for any reason. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) operates a similar programme, the CWD Herd Certification Programme. As of December 2025, 28 states were participating in the USA’s CWD HCP and 5 Canadian provinces and one Canadian territory were participating in the Canadian programme (USDA, 2025b, CFIA, 2025).
Control methods fall within three general categories: prevention, containment, and control and suppression. Prevention and containment aim to prevent CWDDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs introduction into areas where it has not previously been reported and to limit its geographical spread once it has been introduced, respectively. Both tend to include regulatory measures such as bans on the movement of live cervids, cervid carcasses or specified risk materials. Control and suppression aim to stabilise or reduce infection rates within a herd or population through measures such as selective or random culling (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017).
Despite control efforts, CWD has continued to spread among captive and free- ranging cervids in North America, with increasing prevalence in affected areas (Uehlinger et al., 2016, CFSPH, 2024). Eradicating CWD from North America appears infeasible due to its extent of geographic spread and epidemiological characteristics, such as environmental persistence (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017).
CWD in wild pigs in the USA
Wild pigs are an invasive population in the USA, especially in the south (Figure 2). They comprise escaped domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar and hybrids of the two (Smyser et al., 2020). Wild pigs frequently coexist with cervids in areas where CWD is endemic and may be exposed to CWD prions through rooting in contaminated soil, scavenging deer carcasses and predation on fawns. These ecological interactions provide multiple routes by which wild pigs could encounter prions from infected deer (Soto et al. 2025).
Under experimental conditions, domestic pigs can become infected with CWD by oral and intracerebral routes, suggesting that wild pigs might also be susceptible. Domestic pigs rarely develop clinical signs of CWD but accumulate prions in the lymphoid tissues in their heads and gut, suggesting that, like cervids, they could shed the prions in saliva and faeces (Moore et al., 2017).
Against this background, Soto et al. (2025) investigated potential interactions between wild pigs and CWD prions. They analysed over 300 brain and lymph node samples from 178 wild pigs living across Arkansas and Texas, USA. The animals were captured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) between 2020 and 2021. None of the pigs included in the study were reported to be displaying clinical signs of disease.
Using an ultra-sensitive laboratory method (protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA)), the researchers identified CWD prions in up to 37% of the lymph node samples and 15% of brain samples. The lowest detection rates were in the Texas samples (below 16%), matching the lower CWD prevalence in the state’s cervid population. These findings indicate that wild pigs are naturally exposed to CWD prions in areas where the disease is present (Soto et al., 2025).
When intracerebrally inoculated with tissues from wild pigs, a small proportion of mice expressing deer prion protein developed subclinical prion infection. No transmission was detected in mice expressing pig prion protein. This suggests that wild pig tissues only contain low levels of infectious prions and that wild pigs are relatively resistant to natural infection. However, they could still contribute to CWD transmission, influencing its epidemiology, geographic distribution and interspecies spread (Soto et al., 2025).Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs While their exact role and importance in CWD transmission is unclear, wild pigs have considerable home ranges in North America (1.1 to 5.32 km on average), which may increase when food is scarce. This mobility could complicate efforts to control the disease if they play a role in its transmission (Soto et al., 2025).
The USDA’s APHIS does not currently conduct active surveillance for CWD in wild pigs (USDA, 2025a).
Figure 2. Geographic distribution of wild pigs (purple) in the USA as of 27 January 2025, comprising escaped domestic pigs, Eurasian wild boar and hybrids of the two (adapted from USDA, 2026). Yellow (Texas) and green (Arkansas) circles indicate the states where CWD prions were detected in wild pig tissues.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Implications for Great Britain
CWD is a notifiable animal disease in Great Britain, but no cases have ever been reported (Defra and APHA, 2018, CIDRAP, 2025).
The introduction of CWD into Great Britain’s cervid population could have devastating socio-economic and animal welfare impacts, resulting in marked population declines, as seen in the USA (Miller et al., 2008). There could also be significant losses to cervid farming, hunting and rural tourism industries, as well as significant costs associated with controlling the spread of the disease. The UK venison market alone is worth an estimated £100 million (Scotland Food and Drink, 2018).
There are several discrete wild pig populations in Great Britain, including wild boar and feral pigs. The largest known population is in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, with an estimated 583 wild boar as of 2025/2026, although Forestry England (2025) aims to reduce the number to 400 to protect other species, such as plants and insects. Pockets of wild boar and feral pigs exist in other parts of the country, but their exact numbers are unknown (Mathews et al., 2018). The potential impact of CWD introduction into Great Britain’s wild pig population is uncertain because their role in disease transmission remains unclear. While they appear to be relatively resistant to natural CWD infection and disease, they could potentially contribute towards the maintenance and spread of CWD in Great Britain’s cervid population (Soto et al., 2025).
To reduce the risk of CWD introduction, Great Britain suspended the import of live cervids and high-risk cervid products in June 2023, including urine hunting lures, from all countries where CWD has been reported. Fresh cervid meat, excluding offal and spinal cord, can only be imported into Great Britain from CWD-affected countries if it has tested negative for CWD using an approved diagnostic method, such as immunohistochemistry, and originates from an area where CWD has not been reported or officially suspected in the last 3 years (Defra and APHA, 2026).
The current risk of CWD prions being introduced into Great Britain’s wild pig or cervid population ranges from very low (event is very rare but cannot be excluded) to negligible (event is so rare it does not merit consideration). This is based on the risk of incursion tool, developed by Roberts et al., (2011). It is also supported by a recent Defra and APHA (2025) risk assessment. While this assessment identified a few theoretical entry pathways, such as contaminated equipment, that could not be fully assessed due to limited data, there is no definitive evidence that they have ever resulted in the introduction of CWD into a new area.
Detection of CWD prions in wild pigs in the USA is unlikely to affect Great Britain’s CWD risk level, as the USA is not approved to export live wild pigs to Great Britain (Defra, 2025). Import of infected wild pig meat or wild pig by-products from the USA could theoretically introduce CWD prions into Great Britain, but the risk of this is also very low. To date, CWD prions have only been reported in lymph node and brain tissue samples in wild pigs, at levels too low to cause disease in mouse models
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
(Soto et al., 2025). However, their presence in other tissues cannot be excluded. The USA is approved to export wild pig meat and certain wild pig by-products to Great Britain, excluding offal, minced meat and germplasm (Defra, 2025), but there appears to be limited trade in these commodities.
It is difficult to quantify the exact amount of wild pig meat exported to Great Britain, as available trade data does not always distinguish between meat of wild and domestic pigs. However, based on HMRC data, the last known export of non- domestic pig meat from the USA to Great Britain was in 2013 (4,881 kg).
Conclusion
CWD has continued to spread among captive and free-ranging cervids in North America since it was first detected in the 1960s. The finding of CWD prions in wild pigs in the USA suggests they could contribute towards transmission of the disease, influencing its epidemiology, geographic distribution and interspecies spread. However, further research is needed to confirm this. CWD has never been reported in Great Britain and the current risk of CWD prions being introduced into Great Britain’s wild pig or cervid population ranges from very low to negligible.
Readers are reminded to be vigilant for signs of CWD. Information on how to spot the disease can be found here. Suspected cases must be reported immediately to the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301. In Wales, call 0300 303 8268. In Scotland, contact your local Field Services Office. Failure to do so is an offence. We will continue to monitor the situation.
Authors • Lawrence Finn • Dr. Lauren Perrin • John Spiropoulos • Dr. Helen RobertsDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
References
snip…see;
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/697a3b013c71d838df6bd413/CWD_Prions_in_Cervids_and_Wild_Pigs_in_North_America.pdf
Shedding, retention and spreading of chronic wasting disease prions in the environment
Project Number 2R01AI132695-06A1 Former Number 2R01AI132695-06 Contact PI/Project Leader MORALES, RODRIGO
Abstract Text
ABSTRACT
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting natural and captive cervid populations. This disease is progressively spreading across the United States and new foci of infectivity are constantly being reported. Despite decades of research, there are still several unanswered questions concerning CWD.
Compelling evidence suggest that CWD prions enter the environment through carcasses from diseased animals or by the progressive accumulation of prions shed in excreta. Unfortunately, the role that plants, parasites, predators, and scavengers play in CWD spreading has been poorly studied. During the past funding cycle, our group made important technical and conceptual contributions in this field.
Data from our group and others (in collaboration) demonstrate that plants can bind prions into their surfaces as well as transport them from soils to leaves. This is relevant, considering that prions are shown to progressively accumulate in soils and strongly suggests plants as potential vectors for CWD transmission. Unfortunately, the previously mentioned evidence has been collected using proof-of-concept conditions, including the exposure of high titers of rodent (laboratory generated) adapted prions, and grass plants only.
We have generated preliminary data showing that carrots grown in CWD infected soil carry prions in their roots and leaves as evaluated by bioassays. In contrast, tomato plants do not share these features. The significance of these findings cannot be ignored considering the interaction of CWD prions with a human and animal edible vegetable. Considering the use of carrots roots and leaves in human and animal nutrition, and the still unknown zoonotic potential of CWD, future research involving edible plants is urgently needed.
Another relevant (published) finding from our laboratory involves the high CWD infectivity titers found in nasal bots, a common cervid parasite that develops in the nasal cavity (a hotspot of prion infectivity). These parasites are found in large quantities in CWD pre- clinical and clinical deer, and may importantly contribute to environmental CWD transmission. Our research also identified CWD prions in naturally exposed flies, ticks, and dermestid beetles. However, the prion infectivity titers in these parasites have not been evaluated.
Finally, animals other than cervids, including hunters and scavengers, are expected to be exposed to CWD prions. Interestingly, we identified CWD prions and de novo generated porcine prions in tissues from wild pigs living in areas with variable CWD epidemiology. We plan to further investigate all these events and their relevance in natural prion transmission using a complementary set of techniques, including in vitro and in vivo systems. Emphasis will be made in analyzing the strain properties and zoonotic potentials of the prion agents under investigation. For this purpose, we gathered a unique group of collaborators able to supply us with the samples and expertise required to execute this project. Outcomes from this research are expected to deliver new insights on this animal prionopathy and provide regulatory agencies with useful information to control its continuous spread.
Public Health Relevance Statement
PROJECT NARRATIVE Despite decades of research, several questions remain unanswered for the Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) epidemic affecting several deer species in the United States. Continuing with our previous R01 project, we will explore novel factors mediating the spread of CWD prions, including different plant types, invertebrate parasites (e.g., ticks, nasal bots) and scavengers (wild boars). These potential disease vectors will be studied for their ability to transmit disease within and across species, including humans.
https://reporter.nih.gov/search/VYlhnadNtUiur19eYeRPog/project-details/11227445#description
Infectious prions in brains and muscles of domestic pigs experimentally challenged with the BSE, scrapie, and CWD agents
Authors: Francisca Bravo-Risi, Fraser Brydon, Angela Chong, Kane Spicker, Justin J. Greenlee, Glenn Telling, Claudio Soto, Sandra Pritzkow, Marcelo A. Barria, Rodrigo Morales
ABSTRACT
Experimental studies suggest that animal species not previously described as naturally infected by prions are susceptible to prion diseases affecting sheep, cattle, and deer. These interspecies transmissions may generate prions with unknown host ranges. Pigs are susceptible to prions from different origins, including deer chronic wasting disease (CWD), sheep scrapie, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Here, we studied prions in brains and muscles from pigs previously infected with these different prion sources. Specifically, we measured the total prion protein (PrP) and PK-resistant PrP by western blot. Seeding activity in these tissues was evaluated using the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique. We found that BSE-infected pigs contained substantially more seeding competent prions compared with those infected with CWD and scrapie. Moreover, the zoonotic potential of porcine-BSE prions seems to be relevant, as both brains and muscles from BSE-infected pigs induced the misfolding of the human prion protein in vitro. This study helps to understand the potential fate of naturally existing prion strains in a relevant host and calls for caution considering the co-existence between feral swine and other prion-susceptible animal species.
IMPORTANCE
Prions (PrPSc) are proteinaceous, infectious pathogens responsible for prion diseases. Some livestock are highly susceptible to prion diseases. These include cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), sheep and goat (scrapie), and cervids (chronic wasting disease, CWD). Unfortunately, BSE has been reported to be naturally transmitted to humans and other animal species. Domestic pigs, a relevant livestock animal, have not been reported to be naturally affected by prions; however, they are susceptible to the experimental exposure to BSE, scrapie, and CWD prions. Given the widespread consumption of porcine food products by humans, we aimed to evaluate the levels of pig-derived BSE, scrapie, and CWD prions from experimentally challenged domestic pigs in brain and meat cuts (leg, cheek meat, skirt meat, and tenderloin). We detected pig-adapted prions in the brains and some muscles of these animals. Additionally, we evaluated the in vitro compatibility between pig prions and the human prion protein (as a surrogate of zoonosis). Our results show that only pig-derived BSE prions were able to induce the misfolding of the cellular human prion protein. This data highlights the consequences of prion spillovers to other animal species and their potential availability to humans.
Snip…
In summary, our data shows the dynamic of animal prions when exposed to infectious pigs, as well as their distributions and zoonotic potentials. The data presented here may be relevant to understanding the fate of naturally existing prions in a sympatric animal species relevant for human consumption. This acquires importance considering a recent report describing the interaction between CWD and wild pigs in natural settings.
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01800-25
Volume 31, Number 1—January 2025
Dispatch
Detection of Prions in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) from Areas with Reported Chronic Wasting Disease Cases, United States
Paulina Soto, Francisca Bravo-Risi, Rebeca Benavente, Tucker H. Stimming, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Patrick Whitley, Clint Turnage, Terry R. Spraker, Justin Greenlee, Glenn Telling, Jennifer Malmberg, Thomas Gidlewski, Tracy Nichols, Vienna R. Brown, and Rodrigo Morales Author affiliation: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA (P. Soto, F. Bravo-Risi, R. Benavente, T.H. Stimming, R. Morales); Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile (P. Soto, F. Bravo-Risi, R. Morales); US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (M.J. Bodenchuk, P. Whitley, C. Turnage, J. Malmberg, T. Gidlewski, T. Nichols, V.R. Brown); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (T.R. Spraker, G. Telling); US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA (J. Greenlee)
Abstract
Using a prion amplification assay, we identified prions in tissues from wild pigs (Sus scrofa) living in areas of the United States with variable chronic wasting disease (CWD) epidemiology. Our findings indicate that scavenging swine could play a role in disseminating CWD and could therefore influence its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and interspecies spread.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of particular concern because of its uncontrolled contagious spread among various cervid species in North America https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/distribution-chronic-wasting-disease-north-america
its recent discovery in Nordic countries (1), and its increasingly uncertain zoonotic potential (2). CWD is the only animal prion disease affecting captive as well as wild animals. Persistent shedding of prions by CWD-affected animals and resulting environmental contamination is considered a major route of transmission contributing to spread of the disease. Carcasses of CWD-affected animals represent relevant sources of prion infectivity to multiple animal species that can develop disease or act as vectors to spread infection to new locations.
Free-ranging deer are sympatric with multiple animal species, including some that act as predators, scavengers, or both. Experimental transmissions to study the potential for interspecies CWD transmissions have been attempted in raccoons, ferrets, cattle, sheep, and North American rodents (3–7). Potential interspecies CWD transmission has also been addressed using transgenic (Tg) mice expressing prion proteins (PrP) from relevant animal species (8). Although no reports of natural interspecies CWD transmissions have been documented, experimental studies strongly suggest the possibility for interspecies transmission in nature exists (3–7). Inoculation and serial passage studies reveal the potential of CWD prions to adapt to noncervid species, resulting in emergence of novel prion strains with unpredicted features (9–11).
Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), also called feral swine, are an invasive population comprising domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar, and hybrids of the 2 species (12). Wild pig populations have become established in the United States (Appendix Figure 1, panel A), enabled by their high rates of fecundity; omnivorous and opportunistic diet; and widespread, often human-mediated movement (13). Wild pigs scavenge carcasses on the landscape and have an intimate relationship with the soil because of their routine rooting and wallowing behaviors (14). CWD prions have been experimentally transmitted to domestic pigs by intracerebral and oral exposure routes (15), which is relevant because wild pigs coexist with cervids in CWD endemic areas and reportedly prey on fawns and scavenge deer carcasses. Considering the species overlap in many parts of the United States (Appendix Figure 1, panel 😎, we studied potential interactions between wild pigs and CWD prions.
Snip…
Conclusions
In summary, results from this study showed that wild pigs are exposed to cervid prions, although the pigs seem to display some resistance to infection via natural exposure. Future studies should address the susceptibility of this invasive animal species to the multiple prion strains circulating in the environment. Nonetheless, identification of CWD prions in wild pig tissues indicated the potential for pigs to move prions across the landscape, which may, in turn, influence the epidemiology and geographic spread of CWD.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-0401_article
Title: Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains…
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
CWD TSE Prion, Pigs, Transmission, Livestock, Humans, what if?
CONFIDENTIAL
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
While this clearly is a cause for concern we should not jump to the conclusion that this means that pigs will necessarily be infected by bone and meat meal fed by the oral route as is the case with cattle…
http://web.archive.org/web/20031026000118/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23004001.pdf
we cannot rule out the possibility that unrecognised subclinical spongiform encephalopathy could be present in British pigs though there is no evidence for this: only with parenteral/implantable pharmaceuticals/devices is the theoretical risk to humans of sufficient concern to consider any action…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822031154/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/10007001.pdf
May I, at the outset, reiterate that we should avoid dissemination of papers relating to this experimental finding to prevent premature release of the information…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822052332/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/11005001.pdf
3. It is particularly important that this information is not passed outside the Department, until Ministers have decided how they wish it to be handled…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822052438/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/12002001.pdf
But it would be easier for us if pharmaceuticals/devices are not directly mentioned at all…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030518170213/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/13004001.pdf
Our records show that while some use is made of porcine materials in medicinal products, the only products which would appear to be in a hypothetically ''higher risk'' area are the adrenocorticotrophic hormone for which the source material comes from outside the United Kingdom, namely America China Sweden France and Germany. The products are manufactured by Ferring and Armour. A further product, ''Zenoderm Corium implant'' manufactured by Ethicon, makes use of porcine skin - which is not considered to be a ''high risk'' tissue, but one of its uses is described in the data sheet as ''in dural replacement''. This product is sourced from the United Kingdom...
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822054419/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/21009001.pdf
It was not until . . . August 1990, that the result from the pig persuaded both SEAC and us to change our view and to take out of pig rations any residual infectivity that might have arisen from the SBOs.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071014143511/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/tr/tab69.pdf
4.303 The minutes of the meeting record that:
It was very difficult to draw conclusions from one experimental result for what may happen in the field. However it would be prudent to exclude specified bovine offals from the pig diet. Although any relationship between BSE and the finding of a spongiform encephalopathy in cats had yet to be demonstrated, the fact that this had occurred suggested that a cautious view should be taken of those species which might be susceptible. The 'specified offals' of bovines should therefore be excluded from the feed of all species. 17
http://web.archive.org/web/20031026084516/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/07001001.pdf
IN CONFIENCE
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
1. CMO should be aware that a pig inoculated experimentally (ic, iv, and ip) with BSE brain suspension has after 15 months developed an illness, now confirmed as a spongiform encephalopathy. This is the first ever description of such a disease in a pig, although it seems there ar no previous attempts at experimental inoculation with animal material. The Southwood group had thought igs would not be susceptible. Most pigs are slaughtered when a few weeks old but there have been no reports of relevant neurological illness in breeding sows or other elderly pigs. ...see full text ;
http://web.archive.org/web/20040302031004/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23001001.pdf
IN CONFIDENCE
So it is plausible pigs could be preclinically affected with BSE but since so few are allowed to reach adulthood this has not been recognised through clinical disease…
http://web.archive.org/web/20040904150118/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23002001.pdf
we cannot rule out the possibility that unrecognised subclinical spongiform encephalopathy could be present in British pigs though there is no evidence for this: only with parenteral/implantable pharmaceuticals/devices is the theoretical risk to humans of sufficient concern to consider any action…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822031154/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/10007001.pdf
May I, at the outset, reiterate that we should avoid dissemination of papers relating to this experimental finding to prevent premature release of the information…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822052332/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/11005001.pdf
3. It is particularly important that this information is not passed outside the Department, until Ministers have decided how they wish it to be handled…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822052438/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/12002001.pdf
But it would be easier for us if pharmaceuticals/devices are not directly mentioned at all…
http://web.archive.org/web/20030518170213/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/13004001.pdf
Our records show that while some use is made of porcine materials in medicinal products, the only products which would appear to be in a hypothetically ''higher risk'' area are the adrenocorticotrophic hormone for which the source material comes from outside the United Kingdom, namely America China Sweden France and Germany. The products are manufactured by Ferring and Armour. A further product, ''Zenoderm Corium implant'' manufactured by Ethicon, makes use of porcine skin - which is not considered to be a ''high risk'' tissue, but one of its uses is described in the data sheet as ''in dural replacement''. This product is sourced from the United Kingdom.....
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822054419/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/21009001.pdf
BSE TO PIGS NEWS RELEASE
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822162313/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/24001001.pdf
CONFIDENTIAL
BSE: PRESS PRESENTATION
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822160958/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/20003001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20040623191707/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/24013001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20030820195733/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/20010001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20030820195733/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/25013001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20030820195733/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/25015001.pdf
INDUSTRY RESPONSE TYPICAL
http://web.archive.org/web/20030822055917/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/25007001.pdf
DEFENSIVE BRIEFING
http://web.archive.org/web/20030820195733/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/25016001.pdf
CONFIDENTIAL
pigs & pharmaceuticals
http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223234/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/10007001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223234/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23002001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223234/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23004001.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223234/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/29003001.pdf
COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINE NOT FOR PUBLICATION BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY WORKING GROUP
There are only two products using porcine brain and these use corticotrophin BP, made from porcine pituitary, source from outside the UK...
http://web.archive.org/web/20040622220349/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/10/31003001.pdf
snip...
7 OF 10 LITTLE PIGGIES WENT ON TO DEVELOP BSE;
1: J Comp Pathol. 2000 Feb-Apr; 122(2-3): 131-43. Related Articles,
The neuropathology of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the pig.
Ryder SJ, Hawkins SA, Dawson M, Wells GA.
Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
In an experimental study of the transmissibility of BSE to the pig, seven of 10 pigs, infected at 1-2weeks of age by multiple-route parenteral inoculation with a homogenate of bovine brain from natural BSE cases developed lesions typical of spongiform encephalopathy. The lesions consisted principally of severe neuropil vacuolation affecting most areas of the brain, but mainly the forebrain. In addition, some vacuolar change was identified in the rostral colliculi and hypothalamic areas of normal control pigs. PrP accumulations were detected immunocytochemically in the brains of BSE-infected animals. PrP accumulation was sparse in many areas and its density was not obviously related to the degree of vacuolation. The patterns of PrP immunolabelling in control pigs differed strikingly from those in the infected animals.
PMID: 10684682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10684682&dopt=Abstract
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
***> FIX THE DAMN MAD COW FEED BAN!!! <***
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
we all know the system is still broken…
The current feed ban in the U.S. is based exclusively on keeping tissues from TSE infected cattle from entering animal feeds. These results indicating the susceptibility of pigs to CWD, coupled with the limitations of the current feed ban, indicates that a revision of the feed ban may be necessary to protect swine production and potentially human health.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=432011&fy=2017
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=326166
Infectious prions in brains and muscles of domestic pigs experimentally challenged with the BSE, scrapie, and CWD agents
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/179/scrapie-prions-brains-muscles-pigs
https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2025/08/infectious-prions-in-brains-and-muscles.html
How in the hell do you make a complete recall of 27,694,240 lbs of feed that was manufactured from materials that may have been contaminated with mammalian protein, in one state, Michigan, 2006? Wonder how much was fed out?
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE -- CLASS II
______________________________
PRODUCT
a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;
b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;
c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;
d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;
e) "Big Jim’s" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;
f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;
g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;
h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;
i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;
j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;
k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;
l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;
m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6
CODE Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006.
FDA initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
125 tons
DISTRIBUTION
AL and FL
______________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk custom dairy feds manufactured from concentrates, Recall # V-113-6 CODE All dairy feeds produced between 2/1/05 and 6/16/06 and containing H. J. Baker recalled feed products.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Vita Plus Corp., Gagetown, MI, by visit beginning on June 21, 2006.
Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
The feed was manufactured from materials that may have been contaminated with mammalian protein.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
27,694,240 lbs
DISTRIBUTION
MI
______________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk custom made dairy feed, Recall # V-114-6
CODE None
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Burkmann Feeds LLC, Glasgow, KY, by letter on July 14, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Custom made feeds contain ingredient called Pro-Lak, which may contain ruminant derived meat and bone meal.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
???
DISTRIBUTION
KY
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006
###
https://web.archive.org/web/20100120023832/http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2006/ucm120413.htm
Feline and Canine Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease, Pet Food, and the FDA PART 589 SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD, what if?
https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2025/11/feline-and-canine-spongiform.html
Monday, November 13, 2023
Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023
https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2023/11/food-and-drug-administrations-bse-feed.html
FDA BSE PART 589 SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory Report Official Action Indicated OAI and VAI November 2021
November 04, 2021
https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2021/11/fda-bse-part-589-substances-prohibited.html
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 07, 2021
Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE OIE, FDA 589.2001 FEED REGULATIONS, and Ingestion Therefrom
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2021/09/atypical-bovine-spongiform.html
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 2019
America BSE 589.2001 FEED REGULATIONS, BSE SURVEILLANCE, BSE TESTING, and CJD TSE Prion
https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/10/america-bse-5892001-feed-regulations.html
RE: Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals Sin
Dear Mr Singeltary, Thank you very much for your email. The BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) you referred to in your email, is a Code of Federal Regulations of the USA, for which we have no comment to make. The EFSA opinion you cited dealt with processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals. TSE agents were out of the scope of this assessment since this hazard was not identified as relevant in the risk assessment We encourage you to look at the opinion in more detail and if you have any specific question, please don’t hesitate to contact us again. To do that, we recommend to channel your enquiries through our service AskEFSA at: https://connect.efsa.europa.eu/RM/s/askefsa Thank you again for your interest in the EFSA outputs on TSE and animal by-products. Your sincerely, Angel On behalf of the BIOHAW Unit HoU Angel Ortiz Pelaez Senior Scientific Officer
angel.ortizpelaez@efsa.europa.eu Tel. +39 0521 036 640 www.efsa.europa.eu Description: Twitter_logo_blueDescription: YouTube-logo-full_color
-----Original Message-----
From: TERRY SINGELTARY <flounder9@verizon.net> Sent: Monday, 17 July 2023 04:44 To: BIOHAZ <FMB_BIOHAZ@efsa.europa.eu>
snip…
BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) DEFRA Friday, December 14, 2012
Snip…end
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2017
BSE MAD COW TSE PRION DISEASE PET FOOD FEED IN COMMERCE INDUSTRY VS TERRY S. SINGELTARY Sr. A REVIEW
''I have a neighbor who is a dairy farmer. He tells me that he knows of several farmers who feed their cattle expired dog food. These farmers are unaware of any dangers posed to their cattle from the pet food contents. For these farmers, the pet food is just another source of protein.''
IN CONFIDENCE
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2017/11/bse-mad-cow-tse-prion-disease-pet-food.html
Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023
The infamous 1997 mad cow feed ban i.e. Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.
***>However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.
WITH GREAT URGENCY, THE Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) MUST BE ENHANCED AND UPDATED TO INCLUDE CERVID, PIGS, AND SHEEP, SINCE RECENT SCIENCE AND TRANSMISSION STUDIES ALL, INCLUDING CATTLE, HAVE SHOWN ORAL TSE PrP TRANSMISSIONS BETWEEN THE SPECIES, AND THIS SHOULD BE DONE WITH THE UTMOST URGENCY…terry
2016
Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed
PUBLIC SUBMISSION
Comment from Terry Singeltary Sr.
Posted by the Food and Drug Administration on May 17, 2016 Comment
Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed Singeltary Submission
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2003-D-0432
With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.
***>However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.
WITH GREAT URGENCY, THE Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) MUST BE ENHANCED AND UPDATED TO INCLUDE CERVID, PIGS, AND SHEEP, SINCE RECENT SCIENCE AND TRANSMISSION STUDIES ALL, INCLUDING CATTLE, HAVE SHOWN ORAL TSE PrP TRANSMISSIONS BETWEEN THE SPECIES, AND THIS SHOULD BE DONE WITH THE UTMOST URGENCY…terry
2016
Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed
PUBLIC SUBMISSION
Comment from Terry Singeltary Sr.
Posted by the Food and Drug Administration on May 17, 2016 Comment
Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed Singeltary Submission
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2003-D-0432
ruminant feed ban for cervids in the United States ? Singeltary PLoS 2012
Posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr., flounder on 31 Jan 2015 at 20:14 GMT
https://web.archive.org/web/20150722000538/http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=85351
reply to;
Susceptibility of European Red Deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to Alimentary Challenge with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Mark P. Dagleish mail,
Stuart Martin, Philip Steele, Jeanie Finlayson, Samantha L. Eaton, Sílvia Sisó
Published: January 23, 2015DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116094
Singeltary comments;
31 Jan 2015 at 20:14 GMT
Ruminant feed ban for cervids in the United States?
https://web.archive.org/web/20150722000538/http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=85351
IBNC Tauopathy or TSE Prion disease, it appears, no one is sure PLoS Singeltary 2012
Posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr., flounder on 03 Jul 2015 at 16:53 GMT
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comment?id=10.1371/annotation/5adef4ac-a7e4-46a4-8806-c8533d5c862c
Open Letter to the FDA on Feed Ban Violations That Could Spread Mad Cow Disease in USA Release Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration launched openFDA, a new initiative designed to make it easier for web developers, researchers, and the public to access large, important public health datasets collected by the agency. January 19, 2024 | Source: | by For related articles and more information, please visit OCA’s Mad Cow Disease page.
Greetings OPEN FDA et al,
IN regards to ;
FDA News Release FDA launches openFDA to provide easy access to valuable FDA public data For Immediate Release June 2, 2014
Release Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration launched openFDA, a new initiative designed to make it easier for web developers, researchers, and the public to access large, important public health datasets collected by the agency.
In alignment with the recent Presidential Executive Order on Open Data and the Department of Health and Human Services Health Data Initiative, openFDA will make the FDA’s publicly available data accessible in a structured, computer readable format that will make it possible for technology specialists, such as mobile application creators, web developers, data visualization artists and researchers to quickly search, query, or pull massive amounts of public information instantaneously and directly from FDA datasets on an as needed basis.
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm399335.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery
I find that very hard to believe, but for the sake of freedom, and education, I will give you the benefit of the doubt, and ask for the following ;
Since December 14, 1997, I have been following the mad cow aka BSE TSE prion follies. I have watched this on a daily basis, and debated with the best of the prion Gods. countless FOIA request for mad cow feed violations, bungled BSE tests, you name it.
For years now, it’s been almost impossible to follow the mad cow feed ban violations, and exactly what they curtail. this all happened when you went to the OAI/VAI system, which the system is almost impossible to follow for the layperson. In fact, I cannot even access any data on that excel spread sheet anymore, since my December 15, 2013 report on the OAI violations.
Not like what the weekly mad cow feed ban violations use to be like, where the full investigation letter was published. I have complained about this since inception.
the tonnage from 2006 and 2007 of banned mad cow feed in commerce, some 10 years post feed ban, 10,000,000 pounds of blood laced meat and bone meal went out into commerce. just in one weeks warning letter in 2007. since then, you just don’t see them, inspections are down, and all you have is this spread sheet which is impossible to find any substantial information about said violations, and at that, it takes hours to go through. when in the past, at different times, that information was freely available to the public, and on a weekly basis. now I know why all this was changed, but the question now is, has it changed back for the good of the people, with real information. I have seen this go one way and then the other a time or two, with different political party’s.
to date, on the FDA’s website, under BSE, all you get is old information under ruminant feed violations ;
Inspection Information
Final Feed Investigation Summary – California BSE Case – July 20121 Report of Inspection for Compliance with 21 CFR 589.2000 (CVM) (PDF) (PDF – 621KB)2 FDA BSE/Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory3 FDA BSE/Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)4
http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy/ucm114507.htm
this tells us absolutely nothing ;
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/BSEInspect/view/search.cfm
this now tells us absolutely nothing ;
Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)
*** so, how can I access this information on the mad cow feed ban warning letters, different violations of the feed ban, srm violations, and such, with this new easy access OPENFDA?
see examples of past on BSE TSE prion feed ban violations ;
last December, I sat down and went through the FDAs spread sheet where said violations are posted. and to date, we were still feeding cows to cows.
FDA PART 589 — SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
OAI 2012-2013
OAI (Official Action Indicated) when inspectors find significant objectionable conditions or practices and believe that regulatory sanctions are warranted to address the establishment’s lack of compliance with the regulation. An example of an OAI classification would be findings of manufacturing procedures insufficient to ensure that ruminant feed is not contaminated with prohibited material. Inspectors will promptly re-inspect facilities classified OAI after regulatory sanctions have been applied to determine whether the corrective actions are adequate to address the objectionable conditions.
ATL-DO 1035703 Newberry Feed & Farm Ctr, Inc. 2431 Vincent St. Newberry SC 29108-0714 OPR DR, FL, FR, TH HP 9/9/2013 OAI Y
DET-DO 1824979 Hubbard Feeds, Inc. 135 Main, P.O. Box 156 Shipshewana IN 46565-0156 OPR DR, FL, OF DP 8/29/2013 OAI Y
ATL-DO 3001460882 Talley Farms Feed Mill Inc 6309 Talley Rd Stanfield NC 28163-7617 OPR FL, TH NP 7/17/2013 OAI N
NYK-DO 3010260624 Sherry Sammons 612 Stoner Trail Rd Fonda NY 12068-5007 OPR FR, OF NP 7/16/2013 OAI Y
DEN-DO 3008575486 Rocky Ford Pet Foods 21693 Highway 50 East Rocky Ford CO 81067 OPR RE, TH HP 2/27/2013 OAI N
CHI-DO 3007091297 Rancho Cantera 2866 N Sunnyside Rd Kent IL 61044-9605 OPR FR, OF HP 11/26/2012 OAI Y
*** DEN-DO 1713202 Weld County Bi Products, Inc. 1138 N 11th Ave Greeley CO 80631-9501 OPR RE, TH HP 10/12/2012 OAI N
Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)
http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy/ucm114507.htm
PLEASE NOTE, the VAI violations were so numerous, and unorganized in dates posted, as in numerical order, you will have to sift through them for yourselves. …tss
see full text ;
Sunday, December 15, 2013
*** FDA PART 589 — SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/12/fda-part-589-substances-prohibited-from.html
Tuesday, June 11, 2013
*** Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods 6/1/12 significant deviations from requirements in FDA regulations that are intended to reduce the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) within the United States
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2013/06/weld-county-bi-products-dba-fort-morgan.html
Monday, March 8, 2010
UPDATE 429,128 lbs. feed for ruminant animals may have been contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/03/update-429128-lbs-feed-for-ruminant.html
Friday, September 4, 2009
FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT 429,128 lbs. feed for ruminant animals may have been contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009_09_01_archive.html
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
re-FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009 and Recall # V-256-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/11/re-foia-request-on-feed-recall-product.html
*** BANNED MAD COW FEED IN THE USA IN COMMERCE TONS AND TONS
THIS is just ONE month report, of TWO recalls of prohibited banned MBM, which is illegal, mixed with 85% blood meal, which is still legal, but yet we know the TSE/BSE agent will transmit blood. we have this l-BSE in North America that is much more virulent and there is much concern with blood issue and l-BSE as there is with nvCJD in humans. some are even starting to be concerned with sporadic CJD and blood, and there are studies showing transmission there as well. … this is one month recall page, where 10 MILLION POUNDS OF BANNED MAD COW FEED WENT OUT INTO COMMERCE, TO BE FED OUT. very little of the product that reaches commerce is ever returned via recall, very, very little. this was 2007, TEN YEARS AFTER THE AUGUST 4, 1997, PARTIAL AND VOLUNTARY MAD COW FEED BAN IN THE USA, that was nothing but ink on paper. i have listed the tonnage of mad cow feed that was in ALABAMA in one of the links too, this is where the infamous g-h-BSEalabama case was, a genetic relation matching the new sporadic CJD in the USA. seems this saga just keeps getting better and better…….$$$
10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007
Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES — CLASS II
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling’s 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007
CODE
Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.
Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
42,090 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
WI
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI – 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J – PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007
CODE
The firm does not utilize a code – only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
9,997,976 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
ID and NV
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm
Saturday, August 14, 2010
BSE Case Associated with Prion Protein Gene Mutation (g-h-BSEalabama) and VPSPr PRIONPATHY
*** (see mad cow feed in COMMERCE IN ALABAMA…TSS)
BANNED MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE IN ALABAMA
Date: September 6, 2006 at 7:58 am PST PRODUCT
a) EVSRC Custom dairy feed, Recall # V-130-6;
b) Performance Chick Starter, Recall # V-131-6;
c) Performance Quail Grower, Recall # V-132-6;
d) Performance Pheasant Finisher, Recall # V-133-6.
CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Donaldson & Hasenbein/dba J&R Feed Service, Inc., Cullman, AL, by telephone on June 23, 2006 and by letter dated July 19, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Dairy and poultry feeds were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 477.72 tons
DISTRIBUTION AL
______________________________
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html
PRODUCT Bulk custom dairy pre-mixes,
Recall # V-120-6 CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Ware Milling Inc., Houston, MS, by telephone on June 23, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Possible contamination of dairy animal feeds with ruminant derived meat and bone meal.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 350 tons
DISTRIBUTION AL and MS
______________________________
PRODUCT
a) Tucker Milling, LLC Tm 32% Sinking Fish Grower, #2680-Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-121-6;
b) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-122-6;
c) Tucker Milling, LLC #31232 Game Bird Grower, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-123-6;
d) Tucker Milling, LLC 31227-Crumble, Game Bird Starter, BMD Medicated, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-124-6;
e) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-125-6;
f) Tucker Milling, LLC #30230, 30 % Turkey Starter, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-126-6;
g) Tucker Milling, LLC #30116, TM Broiler Finisher, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-127-6
CODE All products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/20/2006 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Tucker Milling LLC, Guntersville, AL, by telephone and visit on June 20, 2006, and by letter on June 23, 2006. Manufacturer: H. J. Baker and Brothers Inc., Stamford, CT. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON Poultry and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein were not labeled as “Do not feed to ruminants”.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7,541-50 lb bags
DISTRIBUTION AL, GA, MS, and TN
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 9, 2006
###
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2006/ENF00964.html
Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006
Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST PRODUCT
a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;
b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;
c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal — 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;
d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;
e) “Big Jim’s” BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;
f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;
g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox — 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;
h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;
i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;
j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;
k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;
l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;
m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6 CODE
Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.
REASON Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as “Do not feed to ruminants”.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 tons
DISTRIBUTION AL and FL
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006
###
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html
MAD COW FEED RECALL USA EQUALS 10,878.06 TONS NATIONWIDE Sun Jul 16, 2006 09:22 71.248.128.67
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE — CLASS II
______________________________
PRODUCT
a) PRO-LAK, bulk weight, Protein Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Animals, Recall # V-079-6;
b) ProAmino II, FOR PREFRESH AND LACTATING COWS, net weight 50lb (22.6 kg), Recall # V-080-6;
c) PRO-PAK, MARINE & ANIMAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED, Recall # V-081-6;
d) Feather Meal, Recall # V-082-6 CODE
a) Bulk
b) None
c) Bulk
d) Bulk
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER H. J. Baker & Bro., Inc., Albertville, AL, by telephone on June 15, 2006 and by press release on June 16, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Possible contamination of animal feeds with ruminent derived meat and bone meal.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 10,878.06 tons
DISTRIBUTION Nationwide
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006
###
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html
please see full text ;
http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html
THIS IS WHEN THE MAD COW FEED BAN WARNING LETTERS WERE WEEKLY, AND INFORMATIVE FOR THE PUBLIC ;
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
April 9, 2001 WARNING LETTER
01-PHI-12 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Brian J. Raymond, Owner Sandy Lake Mills 26 Mill Street P.O. Box 117 Sandy Lake, PA 16145PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT
Tel: 215-597-4390
Dear Mr. Raymond:
Food and Drug Administration Investigator Gregory E. Beichner conducted an inspection of your animal feed manufacturing operation, located in Sandy Lake, Pennsylvania, on March 23, 2001, and determined that your firm manufactures animal feeds including feeds containing prohibited materials. The inspection found significant deviations from the requirements set forth in Title 21, code of Federal Regulations, part 589.2000 – Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed. The regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Such deviations cause products being manufactured at this facility to be misbranded within the meaning of Section 403(f), of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).
Our investigation found failure to label your swine feed with the required cautionary statement “Do Not Feed to cattle or other Ruminants” The FDA suggests that the statement be distinguished by different type-size or color or other means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a purchaser.
In addition, we note that you are using approximately 140 pounds of cracked corn to flush your mixer used in the manufacture of animal feeds containing prohibited material. This flushed material is fed to wild game including deer, a ruminant animal. Feed material which may potentially contain prohibited material should not be fed to ruminant animals which may become part of the food chain.
The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations from the regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use, you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law. We have enclosed a copy of FDA’s Small Entity Compliance Guide to assist you with complying with the regulation… blah, blah, blah…
http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g1115d.pdf
*** Singeltary reply ; Molecular, Biochemical and Genetic Characteristics of BSE in Canada Singeltary reply ;
http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action;jsessionid=635CE9094E0EA15D5362B7D7B809448C?root=7143
LAST MAD COW IN USA, IN CALIFORNIA, WAS ATYPICAL L-TYPE BASE BSE TSE PRION DISEASE
Thursday, February 20, 2014
***Oral Transmission of L-type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Primate Model
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/1/pdfs/11-1092.pdf
***Infectivity in skeletal muscle of BASE-infected cattle
http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2009/prion2009_bookofabstracts.pdf
***feedstuffs- It also suggests a similar cause or source for atypical BSE in these countries. ***
http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2009/prion2009_bookofabstracts.pdf
***Also, a link is suspected between atypical BSE and some apparently sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
http://www.neuroprion.org/en/np-neuroprion.html
full text ;
atypical L-type BASE BSE
http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/04/update-from-usda-regarding-detection-of.html
However, a BSE expert said that consumption of infected material is the only known way that cattle get the disease under natural conditons.
*** “In view of what we know about BSE after almost 20 years experience, contaminated feed has been the source of the epidemic,” said Paul Brown, a scientist retired from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. BSE is not caused by a microbe. It is caused by the misfolding of the so-called “prion protein” that is a normal constituent of brain and other tissues. If a diseased version of the protein enters the brain somehow, it can slowly cause all the normal versions to become misfolded. It is possible the disease could arise spontaneously, though such an event has never been recorded, Brown said.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/case-of-mad-cow-disease-found-in-california-animal-but-food-supply-said-safe/2012/04/24/gIQAtelqfT_story.html
*** What irks many scientists is the USDA’s April 25statement that the rare disease is “not generally associated with an animal consuming infected feed.” The USDA’s conclusion is a “gross oversimplification,” said Dr. Paul Brown, one of the world’s experts on this type of disease who retired recently from the National Institutes of Health. “(The agency) has no foundation on which to base that statement.”
http://vitals.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/02/11501754-are-usda-assurances-on-mad-cow-case-gross-oversimplification?lite
ATYPICAL BSE CASES AND FEED THERE FROM ;
***feedstuffs- It also suggests a similar cause or source for atypical BSE in these countries. ***
http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2009/prion2009_bookofabstracts.pdf
2012 ATYPICAL L-TYPE BSE BASE CALIFORNIA ‘confirmed’ Saturday, August 4, 2012
*** Final Feed Investigation Summary – California BSE Case – July 2012 (atypical L-type BASE BSE)
http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/final-feed-investigation-summary.html
Saturday, August 14, 2010
BSE Case Associated with Prion Protein Gene Mutation (g-h-BSEalabama) and VPSPr PRIONPATHY
(see mad cow feed in COMMERCE IN ALABAMA…TSS)
http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html
Wednesday, October 30, 2013
SPECIFIED RISK MATERIAL (SRM) CONTROL VERIFICATION TASK FSIS NOTICE 70-13 10/30/13
http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/10/specified-risk-material-srm-control.html
U.S.A. 50 STATE BSE MAD COW CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001
http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html
http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2012/02/eight-former-secretaries-of-agriculture.html
Monday, May 05, 2014
Member Country details for listing OIE CWD 2013 against the criteria of Article 1.2.2., the Code Commission recommends consideration for listing
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/05/member-country-details-for-listing-oie.html
Tuesday, April 01, 2014
Questions linger in U.S. CJD cases 2005, and still do in 2014
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/04/questions-linger-in-us-cjd-cases-2005.html
Sunday, April 06, 2014
SPORADIC CJD and the potential for zoonotic transmission there from, either directly or indirectly via friendly fire iatrogenic mode, evidence to date
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/04/sporadic-cjd-and-potential-for-zoonotic.html
Monday, May 19, 2014
Variant CJD: 18 years of research and surveillance
http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/05/variant-cjd-18-years-of-research-and.html
*** Heidenhain Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease autopsy case report ‘MOM’
DIVISION OF NEUROPATHOLOGY University of Texas Medical Branch 114 McCullough Bldg. Galveston, Texas 77555-0785
FAX COVER SHEET
DATE: 4-23-98
TO: Mr. Terry Singeltary @ ——-
FROM: Gerald Campbell
FAX: (409) 772-5315 PHONE: (409) 772-2881
Number of Pages (including cover sheet):
Message:
*CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE*
This document accompanying this transmission contains confidential information belonging to the sender that is legally privileged. This information is intended only for the use of the individual or entry names above. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying distribution, or the taking of any action in reliances on the contents of this telefaxed information is strictly prohibited. If you received this telefax in error, please notify us by telephone immediately to arrange for return of the original documents. ————————– Patient Account: 90000014-518 Med. Rec. No.: (0160)118511Q Patient Name: POULTER, BARBARA Age: 63 YRS DOB: 10/17/34Sex: F Admitting Race: C
Attending Dr.: Date / Time Admitted : 12/14/97 1228 Copies to:
UTMB University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas 77555-0543 (409) 772-1238 Fax (409) 772-5683 Pathology Report
FINAL AUTOPSY DIAGNOSIS Autopsy’ Office (409)772-2858
Autopsy NO.: AU-97-00435
AUTOPSY INFORMATION: Occupation: Unknown Birthplace: Unknown Residence: Crystal Beach Date/Time of Death: 12/14/97 13:30 Date/Time of Autopsy: 12/15/97 15:00 Pathologist/Resident: Pencil/Fernandez Service: Private Restriction: Brain only
FINAL AUTOPSY DIAGNOSIS
I. Brain: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Heidenhain variant.
snip…see full text ;
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/07/heidenhain-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html
*** so, how can I access this information on the mad cow feed ban warning letters, different violations of the feed ban, srm violations, and such, with this new easy access OPENFDA?
I will be painfully awaiting with great anticipation, this information. …
kind regards, terry
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 flounder9@verizon.net
https://organicconsumers.org/article_30178/
Scrapie, CWD, BSE, CJD, TSE, PrP, 2026
***> CWD Action Plan National Program 103 Animal Health 2022-2027 UPDATE JANUARY 2026
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/189/action-national-program-animal-health
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2026/01/cwd-action-plan-national-program-103.html
***> SCRAPIE TSE Prion USA RAPID RESPONSE URGENT UPDATES DECEMBER 25, 2025
***> CWD vs Scrapie Urgent Update
https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2025/12/scrapie-tse-prion-usa-rapid-response.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/186/scrapie-prion-response-urgent-updates
***> 2026 USDA EXPLANATORY NOTES, APHIS, CWD, BSE, Scrapie, TSE, Prion
https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2025/12/2026-usda-explanatory-notes-aphis-cwd.html
Research Project: Elucidating the Pathobiology and Transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Location: Virus and Prion Research
2025 Annual Report
https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2025/12/ars-research-elucidating-pathobiology.html
USDA National Scrapie Program History and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Update 2025 and history there from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396084947_USDA_National_Scrapie_Program_History_and_Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE_TSE0AUpdate_2025
APHIS USDA Captive CWD Herds Update by State December 2025 Update
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2025/12/aphis-usda-captive-cwd-herds-update-by.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/187/aphis-captive-herds-update-december
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
USDA EXPLANATORY NOTES ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE 2025-2014 CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE CERVID
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2025/09/usda-explanatory-notes-animal-and-plant.html
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
USDA National Scrapie Program History and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Update 2025
https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2025/09/usda-national-scrapie-program-history.html
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
USDA National Scrapie Program History and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Update 2025
https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2025/09/usda-national-scrapie-program-history.html
Chronic wasting disease prions in cervids and wild pigs in North America Preliminary Outbreak Assessment DEFRA 26 January 2026
https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2026/01/chronic-wasting-disease-prions-in.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/201/defra-cervid-pigs-outbreak-assessment
THURSDAY, JANUARY 08, 2026
Confucius Ponders, what about Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) and CWD TSE Prion, and the Environment, what if?
Confucius Ponders, what about Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa), they can cover some distance rather quickly, what about Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) digging up the terrain, and as they do it, what if these Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) were exposed to CWD TSE Prion, and then they go on exposing and saturating the land with CWD TSE Prion, then the soil becomes contaminated with CWD TSE Prion, then what about the plants that grow from that soil for the decades to come, what if???
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/190/confucius-ponders-wild-pigs-scrofa
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2026/01/confucius-ponders-what-about-wild-pigs.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/190/confucius-ponders-wild-pigs-scrofa
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2026/01/confucius-ponders-what-about-wild-pigs.html
https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2025/08/infectious-prions-in-brains-and-muscles.html
https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/2024/12/detection-of-prions-in-wild-pigs-sus.html
https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/2021/08/the-agent-of-chronic-wasting-disease.html
https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/2021/06/porcine-spongiform-encephalopathy-pse.html
https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/
Cwd, cattle, pigs, sheep, raccoons, oh my!
Price of TSE Prion Poker goes up substantially, all you cattle ranchers and such, better pay close attention here...terry
"Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material."
Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure
Justin Greenlee, Jifeng Bian, Zoe Lambert, Alexis Frese, and Eric Cassmann Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to chronic wasting disease agent from elk.
Materials and Methods: Initial studies were conducted in bovinized mice using inoculum derived from elk with various genotypes at codon 132 (MM, LM, LL). Based upon attack rates, inoculum (10% w/v brain homogenate) from an LM132 elk was selected for transmission studies in cattle. At approximately 2 weeks of age, one wild type steer (EE211) and one steer with the E211K polymorphism (EK211) were fed 1 mL of brain homogenate in a quart of milk replacer while another 1 mL was instilled intranasally. The cattle were examined daily for clinical signs for the duration of the experiment. One steer is still under observation at 71 months post-inoculation (mpi).
Results: Inoculum derived from MM132 elk resulted in similar attack rates and incubation periods in mice expressing wild type or K211 bovine PRNP, 35% at 531 days post inoculation (dpi) and 27% at 448 dpi, respectively. Inoculum from LM132 elk had a slightly higher attack rates in mice: 45% (693 dpi) in wild type cattle PRNP and 33% (468) in K211 mice. Inoculum from LL132 elk resulted in the highest attack rate in wild type bovinized mice (53% at 625 dpi), but no K211 mice were affected at >700 days. At approximately 70 mpi, the EK211 genotype steer developed clinical signs suggestive of prion disease, depression, low head carriage, hypersalivation, and ataxia, and was necropsied. Enzyme immunoassay (IDEXX) was positive in brainstem (OD=4.00, but non-detect in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and palatine tonsil. Immunoreactivity was largely limited to the brainstem, midbrain, and cervical spinal cord with a pattern that was primarily glia-associated.
Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material.
Prion 2023 Congress Organizing Committee and the NeuroPrion Association, we invite you to join us for the International Conference Prion2023 from 16-20 October 2023 in Faro, Portugal.
https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20250828201533/https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Syed-Zahid-Shah/publication/378314391_Meeting-book-final-version_prion_2023/links/65d44dad28b7720cecdca95f/Meeting-book-final-version-prion-2023.pdf
Prion Conference 2023
Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure
Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material.
Strain characterization of chronic wasting disease in bovine-PrP transgenic mice
Conclusions: Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study.
Prion 2023 Congress Organizing Committee and the NeuroPrion Association, we invite you to join us for the International Conference Prion2023 from 16-20 October 2023 in Faro, Portugal.
https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20250828201533/https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Syed-Zahid-Shah/publication/378314391_Meeting-book-final-version_prion_2023/links/65d44dad28b7720cecdca95f/Meeting-book-final-version-prion-2023.pdf
cwd, scrapie, pigs, oral routes
***> However, at 51 months of incubation or greater, 5 animals were positive by one or more diagnostic methods. Furthermore, positive bioassay results were obtained from all inoculated groups (oral and intracranial; market weight and end of study) suggesting that swine are potential hosts for the agent of scrapie. <***
*** Although the current U.S. feed ban is based on keeping tissues from TSE infected cattle from contaminating animal feed, swine rations in the U.S. could contain animal derived components including materials from scrapie infected sheep and goats. These results indicating the susceptibility of pigs to sheep scrapie, coupled with the limitations of the current feed ban, indicates that a revision of the feed ban may be necessary to protect swine production and potentially human health. <***
***> Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 month group was positive by EIA. PrPSc was detected by QuIC in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined in 5/6 pigs in the intracranial <6 months group, 6/7 intracranial >6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 months group, and 4/6 oral >6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%).
***> Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=432011&fy=2017
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
Component 6: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Sheep scrapie agent can infect white-tailed deer after oronasal exposure.
The origin of chronic wasting disease (CWD) is not known, but it has many similarities to the sheep prion disease called scrapie. It has long been hypothesized that CWD arose through transmission of sheep scrapie to deer. ARS researchers in Ames, Iowa, conducted research to determine if scrapie derived from sheep could be transmitted to white-tailed deer. The deer inoculated with sheep scrapie developed clinical signs and the abnormal prion protein could be detected in a wide range of tissues. These results indicate that deer may be susceptible to sheep scrapie if exposed to the disease in natural or agricultural settings. In addition, several strong similarities between CWD in white-tailed deer and the experimental cases of scrapie in white-tailed deer suggests that it would be difficult to distinguish scrapie from CWD in deer or identify scrapie if a case occurs. This information should be considered by deer farmers for keeping their herds free from prion diseases.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/np103/AnnualReports/NP103%20FY2023%20Annual%20Report_Final.pdf
The chronic wasting disease agent from white-tailed deer is highly infectious to humanized mice after passage through raccoons
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=400777
Additional studies in WTD established a minimum oral CWD infectious dose equivalent to 100–300 ng CWD-positive brain tissue (10)…
We report that oral exposure to as little as 300 nanograms (ng) of CWD-positive brain or to saliva containing seeding activity equivalent to 300 ng of CWD-positive brain, were sufficient to transmit CWD disease.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237410
Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024 Research
Temporal Characterization of Prion Shedding in Secreta of White-Tailed Deer in Longitudinal Study of Chronic Wasting Disease, United States
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/10/24-0159_article#r10
Wednesday, May 24, 2023
***> WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, United States of America Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Immediate notification
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5067
https://woahoie.blogspot.com/2023/05/wahis-woah-oie-united-states-of-america.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/125/wahis-woah-oie-immediate-notification
SATURDAY, MAY 20, 2023
***> Tennessee State Veterinarian Alerts Cattle Owners to Disease Detection Mad Cow atypical L-Type BSE
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/05/tennessee-state-veterinarian-alerts.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/123/tennessee-veterinarian-alerts-cattle-confirmed
MAY 19, 2023
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/sa_by_date/sa-2023/bse
2 weeks before the announcement of this recent mad cow case in the USA, i submitted this to the APHIS et al;
***> APPRX. 2 weeks before the recent mad cow case was confirmed in the USA, in Tennessee, atypical L-Type BSE, I submitted this to the APHIS et al;
Document APHIS-2023-0027-0001 BSE Singeltary Comment Submission May 2, 2023
''said 'burden' cost, will be a heavy burden to bear, if we fail with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Prion disease, that is why this information collection is so critical''...
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2023-0027-0002
https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2023-0027-0002/attachment_1.pdf
1985
Evidence That Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Results from Feeding Infected Cattle Over the next 8-10 weeks, approximately 40% of all the adult mink on the farm died from TME.
snip...
The rancher was a ''dead stock'' feeder using mostly (>95%) downer or dead dairy cattle...
https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002258/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20090506001031/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09a/tab01.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20090506024922/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1987/06/10004001.pdf
Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission Attachment
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FSIS-2022-0027-0002
https://downloads.regulations.gov/FSIS-2022-0027-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Control of Chronic Wasting Disease OMB Control Number: 0579-0189APHIS-2021-0004 Singeltary Submission
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0004-0002
https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0004-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Docket No. APHIS-2018-0011 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification
https://www.regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2018-0011-0003
https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0011-0003/attachment_1.pdf
APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission
Comment from Singeltary Sr., Terry
Posted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on Sep 8, 2022
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0010-0003
https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0010-0003/attachment_1.pdf
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2025
US NATIONAL PRION DISEASE PATHOLOGY SURVEILLANCE CENTER CJD TSE REPORT 2025
https://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2025/10/us-national-prion-disease-pathology.html
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2025
While no one was watching: Tenuous status of CDC prion unit, risk of CWD to people worry scientists
https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2025/11/while-no-one-was-watching-tenuous.html
SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 2026
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a review
https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2026/01/neuropsychiatric-symptoms-in-sporadic.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/191/neuropsychiatric-symptoms-sporadic-cjd-review
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
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